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Evidence & results

What in range and in view looks like in practice.

Practice results, clinical evidence, and the science behind remote monitoring and CGM in pregnancy.

Practice results

Real stories from the practices we work with.

MFM Associates and Mount Sinai West
Problem
High email volume for patient logs and reminders, multiple device portals, and manual spreadsheet tracking.
With Lilium
Patients track in the app with high adherence, one central place for all glucose data and management, documentation shared with Athena EHR.
“With Lilium, we can focus more time on personalized and proactive GDM care that directly impacts patient outcomes.”
Casey Seiden, RD/CDCES · MFM Associates / Carnegie Health
Key metrics
83%
tracking app engagement
88%
reduction in reminder emails
26→8.4 hrs
monthly admin time
300%
increase in diabetes management reimbursement
The Perinatal Center
Problem
8-provider MFM group in Oklahoma. High patient volumes and resource constraints due to lack of reimbursement for diabetes management.
With Lilium
Lilium support educators helped organize the program and increase its efficiency, with centralized data adding to the gains. New reimbursement allowed the program to grow with financial sustainability.
“Our staff follows hundreds of pregnant patients with diabetes using many different glucometers and CGMs. With Lilium, having consistent data saves us time and makes it easier to adjust treatment.”
Angelique Martin, lead RD/CDCES · The Perinatal Center
Key metrics
131→446
program enrollments
54%
increase in regular logging adherence
0→61 hrs
of RPM per month captured and reimbursed
Ouma Health
Partnership
Powering Ouma Health's diabetes-in-pregnancy program.

Ouma's maternity telehealth clinicians run gestational diabetes care on Lilium, with connected devices, glucose review, and documentation in one place.

Read the announcement →
New Jersey Rural Health Transformation
New Jersey Rural Health Transformation Program
LilyPADS: Pregnancy Access for Diabetes Support.

Selected by the New Jersey Department of Health, LilyPADS is a referral-based telehealth program for rural New Jersey. Pregnant patients with gestational or pre-existing diabetes get one-on-one education with an RD/CDCES, connected devices at no cost, and weekly glucose review under MFM direction, supplementing in-person obstetric care.

Visit the program site →
Professional guidance

SMFM: telemonitoring in obstetrics is safe, and patients prefer it.

The Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine’s Special Statement on telemedicine in obstetrics, reaffirmed in 2025, reviews the evidence for remote care across pregnancy, including diabetes management.

  • Telemedicine offers expanded access, improved patient satisfaction, reduced disparities, and outcomes at least comparable to in-person care.
  • A meta-analysis of 42 randomized trials found significantly greater A1c reduction with telemedicine than usual care in diabetes management.
  • In pregnancy, diabetes outcomes are similar between telemedicine and in-person visits, and patients report improved overall satisfaction.
SMFM Special Statement: Telemedicine in obstetrics (AJOG 2023; reaffirmed 2025) →
The science

Remote monitoring and CGM in pregnancy: what the studies show.

Continuous glucose data and remote review give clinicians a short window to act on rising glucose. The trials and cohorts below are the evidence base for that approach.

23%
reduction in large-for-gestational-age neonates with CGM vs. self-monitoring in type 1 diabetes (CONCEPTT).1
45%
reduction in NICU admissions with real-time CGM in gestational diabetes (17-trial meta-analysis, OR 0.55).3
63%
fewer preterm births with CGM in early GDM (Steady Sugar RCT, 6.8% vs. 18.4%).4
42%
lower risk of neonatal hypoglycemia with remote glucose monitoring vs. paper logs (29.8% vs. 51.7%, NYU Langone cohort).2
1
Randomized trial · Lancet 2017
CONCEPTT: CGM in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes

Across 31 hospitals, CGM users spent about 100 more minutes a day in range in late pregnancy. Large-for-gestational-age births fell from 69% to 53%, NICU admissions over 24 hours from 43% to 27%, and neonatal hypoglycemia from 28% to 15%.

Feig DS et al. Lancet 2017;390:2347-59 →
2
Retrospective cohort · AJOG 2023
Remote patient monitoring for diabetes in pregnancy

At NYU Langone, remote monitoring of glucose replaced paper logs for more than 1,500 patients. Compared with paper logs, RPM was associated with better glycemic control, lower preeclampsia rates, and less neonatal hypoglycemia in the first 24 hours.

Kantorowska A et al. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2023;228:726 →
3
Meta-analysis · Diabetes Obes Metab 2026
Real-time, flash, and retrospective CGM in GDM and pregestational diabetes

Seventeen randomized trials. Real-time CGM reduced NICU admissions in gestational diabetes by 45% versus fingersticks (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.34-0.90); retrospective CGM was associated with a 54% lower risk of large-for-gestational-age infants.

Dutta D et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 2026 →
4
Randomized trial · Diabetes Obes Metab 2025
Steady Sugar: CGM in early gestational diabetes

In 120 women diagnosed between 8 and 26 weeks, CGM-guided care lowered large-for-gestational-age births (5% vs. 18%), preterm delivery (7% vs. 18%), and NICU admissions (23% vs. 45%) compared with self-monitoring.

Diabetes Obes Metab 2025 →
5
Meta-analysis · AJOG 2025
CGM vs. self-monitoring across diabetes in pregnancy

Eighteen studies, 2,630 women. Moderate-certainty evidence of CGM benefit across diabetes in pregnancy, with a 0.22% mean A1c reduction; in diet-controlled GDM, CGM was associated with fewer primary cesareans, preterm deliveries, macrosomia, LGA, and neonatal hypoglycemia.

Am J Obstet Gynecol 2025 →
6
Meta-analysis · Cureus 2024
Telemedicine and gestational diabetes

Twelve randomized trials, 2,192 women. Telemedicine lowered 2-hour post-meal glucose and reduced cesarean delivery by 26% (RR 0.74) compared with standard care.

Cureus 2024; PMID 39564055 →
7
Systematic meta-review · JMIR 2021
Telemetric interventions in gestational diabetes

Eleven studies. Telemonitoring improved glycemic control and A1c, achieved control earlier with fewer insulin titrations, and reduced scheduled and unscheduled clinic visits, with high patient satisfaction.

JMIR 2021; PMC8433929 →
8
Quality metric · SMFM 2023, reaffirmed 2025
Postpartum diabetes screening after GDM

As many as 1 in 3 patients with GDM have impaired glucose metabolism postpartum, with a 40% to 70% lifetime risk of type 2 diabetes. Postpartum screening rates are typically under 50%. SMFM proposes a uniform metric for completion within 12 weeks of delivery.

SMFM Special Statement, AJOG 2023 →
Literature figures are from the cited publications; relative reductions are computed from the reported rates or odds ratios. Results in type 1 diabetes (CONCEPTT) may not generalize to gestational diabetes. This page is informational and is not a substitute for clinical judgment.
Clinical outcomes
Keep up with the latest research and evidence.

New studies on CGM, remote monitoring, and telemedicine in pregnancy, plus updates from our partner practices. A short note when there is something worth reading, nothing more.

Trust

Built for protected health information and clinical accountability.

HIPAA BAA standard SOC 2 Type 1 · in progress MFM clinical direction RD / CDCES educators

Lilium aggregates and displays readings from FDA-cleared CGMs and meters. It does not make treatment decisions and is not itself a medical device.

Resources

Reimbursement updates, clinical notes, and patient guides.

See it on your own patients.